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MLA Handbook by Writing
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Citing
Check out the Citation Research Guide.
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Author's name: Last Name, First Name. Book Title (italicized). Publisher, year.
Sparks, Nicholas. The Best of Me. Grand Central Publishing, 2011.
Author's Name(s): Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Journal Title (italicized), volume, issue, month year, page numbers. name of database (italicized), DOI (if none can be found use a permalink or URL).
Segal, Scott, et al. "Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays." Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 153, no. 2, July 2010, pp. 112-120. MEDLINE Complete, https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-2-201007200-00007.
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Page Title.” Name of Website, Publisher, Date, URL.
Howell, Elizabeth. “Exoplanets: Worlds Beyond Our Solar System.” Space.com, 30 Mar. 2018, www.space.com/17738-exoplanets.html.
Notes on Contributors: Many of these samples include the director's name; you may leave it out if it is not important for your citation, or if you don't know it. Alternately, if the director is the focus of your citation, you may begin the citation with the director's name. Similarly, you may choose to include other contributors, such as the name of the original creator (created by), lead performers (performances by), or translators (translated by).
Notes on Missing Information: If you don't know the information for an element, you can leave it out or include what you do know. For example, if you don't know the date an episode aired, you can just use the year. If you don't know the name of a studio or distributor, leave it out. Make sure the first letter after a period is capitalized, unless it is preceded by a number.
Title of Show. Directed by Director’s Name, Name of Studio / Distributor, Year-Range. Name of Streaming Platform, URL.
Series - Streamed (shown w/ Studio)
Natsume's Book of Friends. Brains Base, 2008-2017. Funimation, www.funimation.com/shows/natsumes-book-of-friends/.
Series - DVD (shown w/ Author, Director, Studio / Distributor)
Natsume's Book of Friends. Created by Yuki Midorikawa, directed by Takahiro Omori, Brains Base / NIS America, 2008.
“Title of Episode.” Title of Series, directed by Director’s Name, season #, episode #, Name of Studio / Distributor, 1 Jan. 2020. Name of Streaming Platform, URL.
Episode - Streamed (shown w/ Studio)
"The Fox Child's Watch." Natsume's Book of Friends, season 3, episode 8, Brains Base, 23 Aug. 2011. Funimation, www.funimation.com/shows/natsumes-book-of-friends/.
Episode - DVD (shown w/ Director, Studio / Distributor)
"The Fox Child's Watch." Natsume's Book of Friends: Season 3, directed by Takahiro Omori, season 3, episode 8, Brains Base / NIS America, 2008, disc 2. DVD.
Title of Film. Directed by Director, Name of Studio / Distributor, Year. Name of Streaming Platform, URL.
Movie - Streamed (shown w/ Director, Streaming app)
My Neighbor Totoro. Directed by Hayao Miyazaki, Studio Ghibli, 1990. Amazon Prime Video app.
Director's Last Name, First Name, director. Title of Film. Name of Studio / Distributor, Year. Name of Streaming Platform, URL.
Movie - Streamed (shown w/ Director as focus, Streaming app)
Miyazaki, Hayao, director. My Neighbor Totoro. Studio Ghibli, 1990. Amazon Prime Video app.
These examples are for works published in multiple volumes. If your whole series has been published as a compilation in one physical book, use the standard format for a book instead.
Author's Last Name, First Name. Title. Publisher, Year-Range. # vols.
Manga Series
Midorikawa, Yuki. Natsume's Book of Friends. VIZ Media, 2010-2023. 28 vols.
Author's Last Name, First Name. Title. Vol. #, Publisher, Year.
Single Volume
Midorikawa, Yuki. Natsume's Book of Friends. Vol. 10, VIZ Media, 2011.
Titles may be given either in English or in the language you are reading/viewing the source. For Japanese, you may use kanji or romaji, just be consistent. You may include an English translation in brackets, if your audience is unfamiliar with the language.
Author and contributor names should always be romanized into the Latin alphabet. For Japanese names, use romaji. You may choose to leave out the comma between the last and first name, when the last name is traditionally given first.
Include the publication information (publisher & dates) for the version (English/Japanese) you are reading/watching.
Manga Series (Read in Japanese)
Midorikawa Yuki. Natsume Yuujinchou [Natsume's Book of Friends]. Hakusensha, 2005-2023. 29 vols.
MLA Ninth Edition (Updated 4/23)
